Reasons For Attending The University Of California

There are a few reasons why I chose to attend the University of California, Los Angeles: Location, cost, the famous alumni, the historic athletic program, etc., but the main reason I chose UCLA was to obtain a college degree from one of the most prestigious public Universities in the world. Earning a degree is especially important to me because no one in my family (immediate or extended) has ever graduated from college. In fact, only a few members of family my have even taken a college class before – let alone obtained a college degree. Knowing that I could be (will be) the first in my family to not only graduate from college, but to graduate from a college like UCLA, is something that I hold very dear to my heart because of the amount of respect that people have towards this school. A degree from UCLA carries a little extra weight of importance because people have a significant deal of respect for the UCLA brand. 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Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research Free Essays

string(111) " family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class\." Chapter –VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional study of all possible factors influencing the Personal Market in general and Small Car Market in particular. There are very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian middle class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, government policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the car etc. Performance of Tata Motors Nano car, which is the smallest car, in the small car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was also studied extensively. We will write a custom essay sample on Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study are listed below -1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. Parking of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5. In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is, therefore, shifting towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the same. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boost the sale of small cars. As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road network. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated such policies which stimul ate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable government policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and component also govern the choice of a car. Normally price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in case of small cars. This also remains one of the considerations in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their decision to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16. About 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. You read "Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research" in category "Essay examples" 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents. Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status consciousness has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this view and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian automobile sector. 20. Indian middle class consumer is buying a car for either as a necessity or for comfort. The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at residence is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact houses, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent. In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at residence induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. A s the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of current middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious. One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as almost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agre ement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars. Their decisions are governed by other factors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for â€Å"† Only for City use† car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better alternative for two wheeler. However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also having hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has lost it’s initial charm and hype created in Indian car market. 32 Out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car. This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being used by them to the prospective buyers. This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this response further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. RECOMMENDATIONDS AND SUGGESTIONS For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following†¢ Recommendations for the car and auto component manufac tures. †¢ Recommendations for auto finance organizations. †¢ Recommendations for policy planners- †¢ Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1. The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer should address this requirement before introducing any high technology based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women. Introduction of some variance of the car models having â€Å"Women friendly accessories† will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customer’s requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift some variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for long distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models. They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can make it a great success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick. Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify such dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto industry. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii. It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can adopt a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that â€Å"Town Planers† and policy makers in the government should suitably address these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing high-rise parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system conne ctivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d) The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a new policy frame work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i) From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently many models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc. However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. 6. 2. 5 ESPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE BASIS OF SHIFT IN CONSUMER PROFILEThis study reveals the fact that the ‘Rural Market’ of India is growing more rapidly then ‘Urban Market’. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least some variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer. To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considered for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing â€Å"Four Wheel Drive† system in small car as well. iv. The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be extended to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair service by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are generally fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of repayment in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India. It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe growth in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved GDP and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market. Some of the suggestions are as underi. It is recommended that in place of uniform road taxes throughout the state, a system of differential taxes based on the type of the area in which a personal vehicle is in use can be implemented. ii. To increase the use of cars, more priority should be also given to the roads connecting the villages to nearby cities. 221 iii. It is recommended that like agriculture equipments the soft loan schemes, for rural user to be extended for Personal Vehicles iv. Government should consider suitable tax incentives for the promotion of R D in the automobile sector, which can be directly attributed to suitable vehicle for Rural India 6. 2. 5. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. i. The service backup is very necessary for the high technology based cars. It is therefore suggested that buyer should examine this aspect carefully. ii. The road conditions may very from the cities in the rural area. The car specifications required to be looked into, from this angle. 6. 3 Directions for Future/ Further Study i. The study pertains to study of sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. This study opens the scope for conducting future researches on the sustainability of big cars MPVs, SUVs, LCVs and heavy vehicles. ii. The study is confined to conduct the study of market sustainability; however, future studies may be undertaken for conducting the technical sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, and financial sustainability of small cars or any other product. iii. The study also opens the avenue of conducting such study at international level covering different dimensions of sustainability of small cars. 222 How to cite Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research, Essays

Z-Schema on Wheat Truck Control System

Question: Describe about the topic "Z-Schema on Wheat Truck Control System". Answer: Z Specification Language: This is also known as formal specification language based on Z-notation after ZermeloFraenkel set theory , used for describing and modelling the computing based systems. This theory was proposed by Jean-Raymond Abrial with the help of Steve Schuman and Bertrand Meyer. It utilises the standard Mathematical notations used in First Order Predicated Logic, Lambda Calculus and Axiomatic Set Theory. Not only it uses the notation of above given mathematical theories it also combines there rules and assumptions too for describing the computing system. This language describes the Software as a Mathematical Function. It defines a software with using functions and the relation in between. This formal language stresses that the- Analysing a system with mathematical techniques is more powerful than human being. It helps to eliminate the Ambiguity in the specification by avoiding the reasoning errors and proving the implementation specification correct according to the requirement. It helps to perform systematic deduction of programs based on the predicate language. It also helps in automated QA techniques and also Automated Testing the models and computing systems. The concept it uses for Specification Reasoning- Logic: Propositional Language, Predicated Language Data: Sets, Relations and Functions, sequences, bags etc Z-Schema: The Z-schema also defines the structure of the system, it is a 2-Dimensional graphical notation for describing State Spaces Operations Z-Schema Conventions: Place the name of the schema in the declaration part by using-includes, by using variables in it. Input variable name is terminated by question mark (?). Only input will be variable name. The output variable is terminated by an exclamation mark (!). The (Xi) symbol means that schema is not changed. If we write (delta) instead of then it means that Schema will change. The pre- condition is defined by using Known and it is under variable name. The post condition is defined by using tel . Scenario given in the assignment: Software Methodologies Wheat Truck Control System (WTC) As a Software Engineering consultant, your task is to develop a formal specification in Z for the following proposed system: Wheat Truck Control System (WTC) A new computerized system is to be developed for the storage and handling of accounts for wheat farmers and truck deliveries to Mahsroh Wheat Board silos. Detailed below are the major objects to be considered in the system: silos, ships, trucks and farmers. This system could be quite complicated. However, to simplify the system for this assignment we will be content to include the following in our proposed system: Silos The Board currently has ten (10) wheat silos around the country but the system must be written to seamlessly handle at least twice that number. Each silo has a unique name and storage capacity (in tonnes) that must be stored in the proposed system. In addition the system must maintain the current amount of wheat stored in the silo. Obviously when the silo is full no further deliveries of wheat can be made to that silo before some is off-loaded onto a ship for export overseas. Similarly a silo cannot off-load more wheat onto a ship than is currently stored. We will assume that when off -loading to a ship, no trucks can unload due to operational and safety considerations. Only one ship can be handled at a time at each silo. We will assume that only one truck can unload into a particular silo at any one time. Therefore during busy times each silo also maintains a queue of trucks waiting to unload. Trucks should only be entered into the waiting queue when there is sufficient room for the wheat that the truck holds, i.e. you need to know that the current storage plus all the loads currently in the queue will not exceed the silos capacity. Ships The system will keep a record of all ships that have been registered to transport wheat overseas for the Wheat Board. The ships name, nationality and capacity (in tonnes) will be stored. The ship's captain can specify the amount of wheat to be off-loaded into the ship as long as it is less than the ships capacity and also the silos current amount in storage. The system will keep a record of the amount of wheat off-loaded to the ship and adjust the current storage appropriately. Trucks As each loaded truck arrives at the silo, it is weighed to ascertain the amount of wheat in the truck. The system maintains a list of registered trucks and their empty weight (in tonnes). Therefore, a single weighing is sufficient to determine the wheat load. If there is sufficient room in the silo then the wheat is off-loaded into the silo and a record is kept of the amount off-loaded against both the truck registration number and the farmer providing the wheat. Date and Time Normally we would maintain the date and time of each operation (truck delivery or ship off-loading) however to simplify this assignment we will ignore those aspects. Instead, we will keep a sequential count of each operation for each silo. Therefore, we will have a history of the order of truck unloading and ship off-loading operations that take place for each silo. The system would be able to say for example, that silo HORSHAM_1, operation number 999 involved 25 tonne of wheat delivered by the truck registered TONKA owned by Jack Black from farmer Bob Smith. Then operation 1000 was an off-loading operation of 125,000 tonnes to the ship -Southern Aurora-. There is also a need to keep track of the operation order between silos, therefore we will keep a global sequential count of the operations at silos as well. See the following table for an example: Global No Silo Count Operation Vehicle Name Tonnes Farmer 12336 HORSHAM_1 999 Load TONKA 25 Smith, Bob 12337 MELBOURNE 555 Load DUPLO 20 Jones, Mark 12338 HORSHAM_1 1000 Off-Load Southern Aurora 125,000 12339 MELBOURNE 556 Load LEGGO 50 Simons, Jill 12340 HORSHAM_1 1001 Load TONKA 25 Jones, Mark Farmers The system will maintain a record of each farmer supplying wheat to the silo. Details to be kept include the farmers name, address and phone number. Z Schema Operations You are to create a Z schema that adequately describes the WTC system. It should include at least one state space and the following operations: An initialization operation called Init. An operation Enter_new_silo that an operator uses to enter the details of a new silo into the system. Assume the new silo is currently empty. An operation Accept_delivery that an operator uses to signal the system to begin off-loading x tonne of wheat from a truck. Note that the system must do a check to see if that storage capacity is available in the silo, if not then an error message must be output and no truck unloading done. Additional information needed by this routine is the truck registration and the farmers name. If successful this operation stores all necessary details into the system for that delivery. If a truck is already unloading then this new truck will be placed in a queue waiting for its turn to unload. An operation Leave_queue. This operation is run by the system operator each time there is a queue for a silo and the driver of a specified truck decides that the anticipated waiting time is too long and leaves the queue. The operation outputs to the operator the list of trucks in the queue after the specified truck is removed or if none in the queue a reasonable error message. An operation Silo_account that outputs the total amount of wheat in tonnes delivered to a particular silo by ALL farmers in a specified time period (note that means between two global operations numbers in our simplified system). In other words between global operations 10000 and 10500 for example. An operation Ships_total_account that outputs the total amount of wheat that a particular ship has taken from ALL silos in the total history of the system. An operation Farmers_account that outputs the total amount of wheat delivered to ALL silos in between two specified global operation numbers (e.g. 10000 and 10500). You should provide robust versions of each operation that are capable of handling any possible error conditions. For example, if the ship or truck is not correctly registered in the system an appropriate error message must be given. Pseudocode for each operation specified for Z-Schema- Initialization Operation: Operation Init; Start Login to Wheat Control system Select operation to perform Execute the operation Accept result End Operation Enter_new_Silo; Start Open new account for Silo. Enter name , Name should be unique from the stored list. Enter Storage Capacity. Display-Silo is currently empty. End Operation Accept Delivery Start Select Operation Accept Delivery. Verify Truck Registration No. Verify Farmer Name Check load in Truck Check if Silo has capacity to store this load(Silo Capacity current Silo Load+ Truck Load) If Silo can store load then Check loaded status of Truck (Unloaded or Not Unloaded) If not unloaded then unload wheat from Truck Else bring next Truck from the Queue Perform Operation Accept Delivery. End Operation Leave_Queue Start Select Operation Leave_Queue . Check Truck Queue If no truck in queue then display message No Truck in the queue If trucks in the queue then update Queue status(No of Trucks in queue, Truck R. No, Driver Info, Farmer info, sequence no of Truck in queue) Check if any driver wants to leave as the queue is too long and it will take more time in queue Then update status of the Queue End Operation Silo_Account: Start Select operation Silo_Account Display List of Delivered Truck on the Silo Perform sum of amount of wheat delivered (Sum=weight(truck1+truck2+.truck n) Display Sum End Operation Ships_Total_ Account: Start Select Operation Ships_Total_Account Display List of Silos from where the Wheat is loaded on the Ship. Perform Sum of amount of wheat delivered (Sum=weight(Silo1+Silo2+Silo n) Display Sum End Operation Farmer_Account Start Select Operation Farmer Account Display list of Farmers that delivered weight on silos Accept Farmer no Display Farmer details End Z-Schema for Wheat control Truck- Wheat control truck System Operation Init Wheat Control Truck System Name?: Init Name ?:Select operation Result! accept Result Known= known U {name ?} {Operation DisplayNot valid Operation} Operation Enter_new_Silo Wheat Control Truck System Name ? : Enter_new_Silo Outcome! New Silo Info { {Name of Silo : Name of Silo Name Of Silo List Silo Storage Capacity Not valid Entry} Display Status Silo Currently Empty S:Silo detail Updated Operation Accept Delivery Wheat Control Truck System Farmer Wheat Truck Silo Name ? Accept Delivery Operation Leave_Queue Wheat Control Truck System Wheat TruckQueueSilo Name ? Leave_Queue Outcome! Status of the Queue References Alexander. C, Chris F, Shalom. L, (2012), The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing, Wiley Publication Ronald .V, (2014), Formal Language Theory: Perspectives and Open Problems, Academic Press Shaoying. L, Zhenhua .D, (2016), Structured Object-Oriented Formal Language and Method, Springer Publication Sommerville, (2011), Software Engineering, Pearson Publication .Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering-A Practitioners Approach, Mc Graw-Hill International Edition David .G ,(2000), Software Engineering- Schaums Outlines, , Tata Mc Graw-Hill. J.M Spivey, An Introduction to Z Formal Language, From- www. people.csail.mit.edu (Accessed on 29 May 2016).

Winston Churchill Essays (2588 words) - Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill Sir Winston Spencer Churchill Winston Churchill was born in 1874 and died, aged ninety, in 1965. He was active in British politics for almost sixty years and was twice Prime Minister. He was a soldier, an artist, a historian, and a journalist, as well as a politician. He was a man of great mental energy, of vivid imagination, and powerful ambition. He was frequently the center of stormy political activity; criticism and abuse were often showered upon him. But he died respected and mourned not only by his own nation, but by the world, for which he had done so much when he led the fight against Nazi tyranny and refused to surrender or to despair of victory. (Gilbert 13) On November 30, 1874, Winston Spencer Churchill was born to Lord Randolph Churchill and Jennie Churchill at Blenheim Palace. In 1888, he was placed in Harrow School. At the end of his first year at Harrow, the boy's grades were still the lowest in his class. Reluctantly his father gave up any notion of Winston's following in his own footsteps. Remembering his son's passion for playing at war, Lord Randolph asked him if he was still interested in the army. Winston was delighted over the thought that his father recognized his military genius. The sad truth that his father considered him hopeless in any other field never occurred to the self-assured lad. (Manchester 13) He was then sent to Sandhurst, a Royal Military Academy, in 1893. He joined the army and began selling articles to the Daily Graphic. In 1898, his first book, The Malakand Field Force, was published. The next year he resigned from the army to enter politics. July 6, 1899 Churchill lost his first election as a Conservative candidate. When the Boer War broke out, the London Morning Post sent Churchill as a reporter. A month after arriving in South Africa he was captured by the Boers but made a daring escape. When he returned to England in 1900 he ran for election again and won. ?Entering Parliament in 1901, he rose in the course of a very few years to a position in which every major event in England's affairs was part of his life story? (Coolidge 1). Churchill joined the Liberal party in 1904, after other Conservatives pushed for a Tariff Reform. The next year the Conservative party was defeated in the House of Commons and the Liberals offered Churchill the seat of Under Secretary for the colonies. In 1906, Churchill published another book, this one being a biography of his father, Lord Randolph Churchill who died in 1895. In 1908, the Prime Minister appointed Churchill as the President of the Board of Trade, which was his first seat in the cabinet. Later that year he married Clementine Hozier. In July of 1909 their first child, Diana, was born. Churchill was promoted again in 1910 as Home Secretary, which made him responsible for law and order. In the May of 1911 the Churchills had their first son, Randolph. October of 1911 brought Churchill a new position, First Lord of Admiralty. ?In the Cabinet Churchill argued with his colleagues to get money for the expansion of the Navy? (Jones 16). He felt that there had to be an expansion of the navy to compete with Germany's increase in sea power. In 1914, he strongly backed the Irish Home Rule by threatening rebellious Ulster Protestants with the Royal Navy. He was greatly criticized for his extreme method of solving the Irish problem. On August 4, 1914, war with Germany began and Churchill's expanded Navy was ready for war. Churchill was removed from the Admiralty in 1915 because of his failed plan to seize the Dardanelles from Germany. The Dardanelles haunted Churchill for years because he was removed from office before his full plan had been executed. After he was not included in the new War Cabinet, Churchill resigned from the government and joined the fighting in France during the November of 1915. Six months later he left the army to begin politics again. He felt he had learned a great deal from being in the trenches. Churchill used this knowledge to make critical speeches about the slaughter he had seen in the trenches. He championed

Free Essays on Adhd

ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a major problem among the youth of America today. ADHD is treated with Ritalin, stratera, or adderall. These drugs calm the person to make then function at a normal level. Many famous individuals had ADHD. Einstein was one. Would Einstein be what he was if he took medication? Einstein, like many other did not take medication for their disorder. Could he have had more success or less with treatment? Many individuals think that having ADHD is a gift. Tomas Edison, Salvador Dail, and Winston Churchill are other famous people who were diagnosed with ADHD. As many as 12% of children today have bin diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD in pre schools is up to 49%. ADHD could greatly increase creativity in the youth of the world. A student in a chem. Lab will think more creatively with ADHD. David Neeleman, CEO Of jet blue airways never took his prescription for his ADHD. David claims that because of not taking medication that he was able to think a lot more unconventionally. David is now the CEO of one of the hottest airlines around. Jet Blue is a revolution in air travel because of the way it is set up. More leg room and also a personal TV in the back of every chair. David claims that having ADHD was one of the reasons that he was able to come up with such elaborate ideas. Studies are starting to advance in seeing what other types of medication could be used to treat ADHD. I was diagnosed with ADHD when I was in 6th grade. I was medicated for about a year and then the doctor said that I had such a slight case that I would be fine with out medication. Some people live on their medication. My little cousin has a sever case of ADHD. Before he was on medication he was uncontrollable. You can tell if you’re around him if he is on of off his medication. When it wears off he is like a time bomb waiting to explode. This research is going to be very valuable informa... Free Essays on ADHD Free Essays on ADHD There are at least two million children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the United States (Moragne 24). All around us, ADHD causes clever children and adults to under function at school or work. ADHD needs to be taken seriously. People need to be aware of what ADHD is, what some of the characteristics and symptoms are, what some of the probable causes are, and some ways it can be treated. ADHD is one of the most common childhood behaviors. The prognosis for ADHD can be alarming if not treated. ADHD must be recognized and treated properly. If this does not happen, it will continue to severely disadvantage children and adults. The best time to diagnose and give support is early. Poorly managed ADHD can lead to serious long-term problems such as feeling dumb, low self-esteem, academic failure and more. There are different types of ADHD with a variety of characteristics. No one has all the same symptoms or displays the disorder in the exact same way. ADHD is diagnosed ten times more frequently in boys than girls (Discovery). Many girls have the predominantly inattentive type of the disorder and are likely not being identified and diagnosed (Green 6). ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by inappropriate degrees of inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity. It is a disorder causing excessive activity level, excessive distractibility, and excessive responsiveness and emotional reactions. ADHD is also a lifelong disorder. It generally continues into adolescence, and sometimes even into adulthood. However, the symptoms may change as the person matures. The challenging behaviors that are exhibited by children with ADHD stem from their physiological, neurobiological disorder. The inappropriate and dangerous behaviors they may display are generally not willful or deliberate (Mor agne 26). The diagnosis of ADHD is complex. There are a number of other medical, learning, psychiatric, and s... Free Essays on Adhd Attention Deficit Disorder in Today's Society Attention deficit disorder is the subject of two widely challenged debates in medicinal practice and theory. One, the argument for ADD being a clinical and mental â€Å"disorder†, is in favor of medical treatment, claiming the diagnosis is attributable to brain damage or neurological defects. The second gives an alternative idea behind ADD, stating that people showing traits of the disorder often exemplify characteristics such as creativity, inventiveness, and even giftedness. As a rising percentage of children are being diagnosed with the disorder, more and more research has been called for, in an attempt to find an actual cause. ADD is classified as multi-factorial, meaning that multiple reasons are generally attributed to its development and diagnosis. A diagnostic criterion includes hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The intent of this paper is to provide arguments and evidence on both sides of the issue, followed by standard and alternative methods for dealing with ADD. The history of attention deficit disorder goes back to World War 1, when a number of soldiers who experienced head injuries demonstrated hyperactivity as a side effect. It was then that ADD was classified as a disorder related to either brain damage or a defect of some kind. It has been proven, however, that this is false. ADD or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) can also be attributed to giftedness. Studies show that ADD is genetic and it runs in families. Years ago, children exhibiting severe affects of hyperactivity were primarily diagnosed, mostly because they suffered brain damage or trauma. Today, the diagnostic criterion has been expanded so that any underachiever or inattentive child fits the bill. Subsequently, millions of kids in America are getting labeled as ADD. Most studies show that 3 to 5 percent of the population possesses attention deficit disorder. Symptoms related to the... Free Essays on ADHD ADHD is attention deficit disorder accompanied by impassivity and over activity. Medical scientists think ADHD is caused by a chemical problem in the brain. The front part of the brain helps you pay attention, concentrate, organize things, and put breaks on impulsive or unacceptable behavior. People’s brains with ADHD may not be able to use the brain’s main signal senders, neurotransmitters, the way it is suppose to. The front part of the brain has very little to do with intelligence, so it is possible to be very smart and still have ADHD. â€Å" 3-5% of school-age children are affected by ADHD. Hyperactivity is easy to spot, and more boys than girls tend to be hyperactivity. If one person in a family has ADHD, there is a good chance that someone else in the family had or has it too.† (Beal 10) It is best to get evaluated for ADHD as early as possible. In most cases, someone at school, a teacher, counselor, or principal suggest a student be tested for ADHD. The evaluations usually take time and are done in two parts. First a student takes one or more of the following tests: Intelligence – to help evaluate the students IQ and reasoning abilities. Achievement – to find the actual grade level the student is working at. Fine motor skills – to see if there are problems with the student’s hand-eye coordination and/or writing skills. Then the student is evaluated. Parents are asked to describe their child’s behavior over a long period of time. The student’s teachers are asked to rate the student’s behavior using standardized forms, and to give their personal opinion of the student’s schoolwork and behavior. The student is asked what they think their problem is what their thoughts and feelings are and, what they do at home and school. When all the information from the test, evaluations, and observations has been combined, a medical diagnosis is made. â€Å"A diagnosis of ADHD is given only if the child has a life long ... Free Essays on Adhd ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a major problem among the youth of America today. ADHD is treated with Ritalin, stratera, or adderall. These drugs calm the person to make then function at a normal level. Many famous individuals had ADHD. Einstein was one. Would Einstein be what he was if he took medication? Einstein, like many other did not take medication for their disorder. Could he have had more success or less with treatment? Many individuals think that having ADHD is a gift. Tomas Edison, Salvador Dail, and Winston Churchill are other famous people who were diagnosed with ADHD. As many as 12% of children today have bin diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD in pre schools is up to 49%. ADHD could greatly increase creativity in the youth of the world. A student in a chem. Lab will think more creatively with ADHD. David Neeleman, CEO Of jet blue airways never took his prescription for his ADHD. David claims that because of not taking medication that he was able to think a lot more unconventionally. David is now the CEO of one of the hottest airlines around. Jet Blue is a revolution in air travel because of the way it is set up. More leg room and also a personal TV in the back of every chair. David claims that having ADHD was one of the reasons that he was able to come up with such elaborate ideas. Studies are starting to advance in seeing what other types of medication could be used to treat ADHD. I was diagnosed with ADHD when I was in 6th grade. I was medicated for about a year and then the doctor said that I had such a slight case that I would be fine with out medication. Some people live on their medication. My little cousin has a sever case of ADHD. Before he was on medication he was uncontrollable. You can tell if you’re around him if he is on of off his medication. When it wears off he is like a time bomb waiting to explode. This research is going to be very valuable informa...

How to Use Delphi to Build a Custom Windows Explorer

How to Use Delphi to Build a Custom Windows Explorer Windows Explorer is what you use in the Windows operating system to browse for files and folders. You can create a similar structure with Delphi so that the same content is populated within your programs user interface. Common dialog boxes are used in Delphi to open and save a file in an application. If you want to use customized file managers and directory browsing dialogs, you have to deal with file system Delphi components. The Win 3.1 VCL palette group includes several components that allow you to build your own custom File Open or File Save dialog box: TFileListBox, TDirectoryListBox, TDriveComboBox, and TFilterComboBox. Navigating Files The file system components allow us to select a drive, see the hierarchical directory structure of a disk, and see the names of the files in a given directory. All of the file system components are designed to work together. For example, your code checks what the user has done to, say, a DriveComboBox and then passes this information on to a DirectoryListBox. The changes in DirectoryListBox are then passed to a FileListBox in which the user can select the file(s) needed. Designing the Dialog Form Start a new Delphi application and select the Win 3.1 tab of the Component palette. Then do the following: Place one TFileListBox, TDirectoryListBox, TDriveComboBox, and TFilterComboBox component on a form, keeping all of their default namesAdd one TEdit (named FileNameEdit) and one TLabel (call it DirLabel).Include a few labels with captions, like File Name, Directory, List Files of Type, and Drives. To show the currently selected path as a string in a DirLabel components caption, assign the Labels name to the DirectoryListBoxs DirLabel property. If you want to display the selected filename in an EditBox (FileNameEdit), you have to assign the Edit objects Name (FileNameEdit) to the FileListBoxs FileEdit property. More Lines of Code When you have all the file system components on the form, you just have to set the DirectoryListBox.Drive property and the FileListBox.Directory property in order for the components to communicate and show what the user wants to see. For example, when the user selects a new drive, Delphi activates the DriveComboBox OnChange event handler. Make it look like this:   procedure TForm1.DriveComboBox1Change(Sender: TObject) ;beginDirectoryListBox1.Drive : DriveComboBox1.Drive;end; This code changes the display in the DirectoryListBox by activating its OnChange event Handler:   procedure TForm1.DirectoryListBox1Change(Sender: TObject) ;beginFileListBox1.Directory : DirectoryListBox1.Directory;end; In order to see what file the user has selected, you need to use the OnDblClick event of the FileListBox:   procedure TForm1.FileListBox1DblClick(Sender: TObject) ;beginShowmessage(Selected: FileListBox1.FileName) ;end; Remember that the Windows convention is to have a double-click choose the file, not a single click. This is important when you work with a FileListBox because using an arrow key to move through a FileListBox would call any OnClick handler that you have written. Filtering the Display Use a FilterComboBox to control the type of files that are displayed in a FileListBox. After setting the FilterComboBoxs FileList property to the name of a FileListBox, set the Filter property to the file types that you want to display. Heres a sample filter:   FilterComboBox1.Filter : All files (*.*)|*.* | Project files (*.dpr)|*.dpr | Pascal units (*.pas)|*.pas; Hints and Tips Setting the DirectoryListBox.Drive property and the FileListBox.Directory property (in the previously written OnChange event handlers) at runtime  can be also be done at design time. You can accomplish this kind of connection at design time by setting the following properties (from the Object Inspector): DriveComboBox1.DirList : DirectoryListBox1DirectoryListBox1.FileList : FileListBox1 Users can select multiple files in a FileListBox if its MultiSelect property is True. The following code shows how to create a list of multiple selections in a FileListBox and show it in a SimpleListBox (some ordinary ListBox control).   var k: integer;...with FileListBox1 doif SelCount 0 thenfor k:0 to Items.Count-1 doif Selected[k] thenSimpleListBox.Items.Add(Items[k]) ; To display full path names that are not shortened with an ellipsis, do not assign a Label object name to the DirLabel property of a DirectoryListBox. Instead, insert a Label into a form and set its caption property in the DirectoryListBoxs OnChange event to the DirectoryListBox.Directory property.

Logistic regression classifier for the churn Data Coursework

Logistic regression classifier for the churn Data - Coursework Example The programming code is as follows: LOGISTIC  REGRESSION  VARIABLES  good_bad   Ã‚  /METHOD=ENTER  checking  duration  history  purpose  amount  savings  employed  installp  marital  coapp  resident  property  age  other  housing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  existcr  job  depends  telephon  foreign   Ã‚  /CONTRAST  (purpose)=Indicator   Ã‚  /CLASSPLOT   Ã‚  /PRINT=CORR   Ã‚  /CRITERIA=PIN(0.05)  POUT(0.10)  ITERATE(20)  CUT(0.5). Then the analysis is presented below: Case Processing Summary Unweighted Cases N Percent Selected Cases Included in Analysis 964 96.4 Missing Cases 36 3.6 Total 1000 100.0 Unselected Cases 0 .0 Total 1000 100.0 a. If weight is in effect, see classification table for the total number of cases. Dependent Variable Encoding Original Value Internal Value Bad 0 Good 1 Categorical Variables Codings Frequency Parameter coding (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) purpose 3 1.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 . 000 .000 0 225 .000 1.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1 100 .000 .000 1.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 2 174 .000 .000 .000 1.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 3 268 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 4 12 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 5 22 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.000 .000 .000 .000 6 47 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.000 .000 .000 8 9 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.000 .000 9 94 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.000 X 10 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 Beginning block Classification Table Observed Predicted good_bad Percentage Correct bad good Step 0 good_bad bad 0 292 .0 good 0 672 100.0 Overall Percentage 69.7 Variables in the Equation B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) Step 0 Constant .834 .070 141.414 1 .000 2.301 Variables not in the Equation Score df Sig. Step 0 Variables checking 119.858 1 .000 duration 40.086 1 .000 History 48.045 1 .000 purpose 39.421 10 .000 purpose(1) 6.926 1 .008 purpose(2) 9.752 1 .002 purpose(3) 9.334 1 .002 purpose(4) .361 1 .548 purpose(5) 12.039 1 .001 purpose(6) .053 1 .817 purpose(7) .393 1 .531 purpose(8) 4.846 1 .028 purpose(9) 1.583 1 .208 purpose(10) .694 1 .405 amount 18.355 1 .000 savings 30.125 1 .000 employed 14.071 1 .000 installp 5.548 1 .019 marital 8.537 1 .003 coapp .419 1 .518 resident .000 1 .996 property 20.211 1 .000 age 7.933 1 .005 other 10.626 1 .001 housing .146 1 .703 existcr 2.184 1 .139 job .426 1 .514 depends .067 1 .797 telephon 2.137 1 .144 foreign 8.114 1 .004 a. Residual Chi-Squares are not computed because of redundancies. Block  1:  Method  =  Enter Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients Chi-square df Sig. Step 1 Step 299.197 29 .000 Block 299.197 29 .000 Model 299.197 29 .000 Model Summary Step -2 Log likelihood Cox & Snell R Square Nagelkerke R Square 1 883.255a .267 .378 a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 20 because maximum iterations has been reached. Final solution canno t be found. The sensitivity and specificity analysis can be done as follows: Classification Table Observed Predicted good_bad Total Good Bad good_bad Good 596 (TP) 76 (FP) 672 Bad 140 (FN) 152 (TN) 292 Total 736 (Sensitivity) 228 (Specificity) 964 TP: True Positive; TN: True Negative; FP: False Positive; FN: False Negative Sensitivity=TP/(TP+FN)=596/(596+140)=0.812 or 81,7%

The relationship between asthma medications and periodontal disease Essay

The relationship between asthma medications and periodontal disease - Essay Example Herein, the reasons asthmatic patients are more prone to gum disease will be discussed. As well, what asthmatics can do to help prevent tooth and gum decay will be a source of study. Periodontitis is a "condition characterized by inflammation of the periodontal tissues, leading to tissue destruction, bone resorption, attachment loss, and, in some cases, tooth loss" (Saver, Hujoel, Cunha-Cruz, and Maupome, 2007). Asthma, on the other hand, is a "common [breathing] disorder, especially in the industrialized part of the world" (Sulssa and Ernst, 2001). When asthma episodes, or "attacks" occur, many patients rely on the use of handheld inhalers, which deliver a corticosteroid medication from the mouth, into the airway. The inhalation of the corticosteroid causes a dilatation, allowing for more air to pass into the lungs. It would seem, then, that gum disease and asthma are unrelated, but the life-saving corticosteroid could, in fact, have a negative impact on oral health. Nebraska dentist Dan Peterson devotes a website to, in part, the link between asthma medication and periodontitis. In his section "Oral Health Changes in Individual with Asthma," it is written that asthmatic patients have an "increased rate of caries." Many things cause dental caries, or cavities, but asthma inhalers usually contain sugar, which is a culprit in tooth decay. The website also lists the problems of "reduced salivary flow due to inhaler use and increased prevalence of oral tissue changes" as other reasons that asthmatic face mouth trouble. Dry mouth, also called xerostomia, can be caused by inhaler use. It is problematic because it causes "tooth decay and gum disease and makes you more vulnerable to inflammation" (Schaaf and Higbee, 1993). An article in Harvard Women's Health Watch adds, "Persistent xerostomia is a serious and often uncomfortable condition that can jeopardize oral health. It makes eating and swallowing difficult, causes bad breath, and may irritate mouth tissues, leaving them more vulnerable to infection". The article goes on to explain that inhalers can cause a reduction in saliva. The moisture of saliva is absolutely necessary. Its decrease, which can also be caused by painkillers, blood pressure medications, antidepressants, etc., is cause for concern. Advice is offered to combat dry mouth. The article offers that over-the-counter products that increase saliva production are one way to go. It also suggests trying to drink lots of water, limiting sugar intake, and chewing sugar-free gum. Avoiding de hydrating habits like drinking alcohol, smoking, or consuming caffeine might also help when the use of inhalers make xerostomia a problem. Inhalers aren't perfect, but they are necessary. "Sustained use of inhaled corticosteroids reduces the risk of severe exacerbations requiring hospitalization as well as death from asthma and therefore provides a simple and effective tool by which to eliminate major adverse events for patients with this common disorder" (Suissa and Ernst, 2001). Since asthmatics can't ignore breathing problems for fear of gum disease, advice is offered for sustained good oral health. Peterson's website suggests frequent dental check-ups and cleanings. It also suggests fluoride treatments, a proper at-home routine, the

Acids and Alkalis Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Acids and Alkalis Lab Report Essay An acid is a group of chemicals. Acids are positively charged ions, they are liquid and are solutions of pure compounds in water. If you want to know if something is an acid, you can test it by using litmus paper. Acids will turn litmus paper red, whilst alkalis will turn it blue. Alkalis are negatively charged ions and are usually solid. Aim:To find out how much of different acids is needed to neutralize 25mls of sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). Hypothesis:The strongest alkali will need the smallest amount of an acid to cancel out and the weakest will need more acid. Variables: Control| Independent| Dependent| The indicator, NaOH| H2SO4 HClHNO3| The chemical reaction between the acids and alkali. | Materials / Apparatus: * H2SO4 * HCL * HNO3 * Alkali (NaOH) * Stand * Burette * Beaker * Funnel * Bunsen Burner * Crucible * Phenolphyalein Method: 1. Pour the 25 ml of NaOH into a beaker. 2. Drop three drops of phenolphyalein into the beaker. 3. The solution will now turn pink. . Through a funnel, pour the acid into the burette. Start dripping a few drops one by one into the beaker. 6. The solution will start getting a lighter shade of pink. 7. Stir the beaker around. 8. Once the solution turns clear, stop adding more acid. 9. Calculate the amount of acid used. 10. Take the solution and pour a bit of it into a crucible. 11. Light the Bunsen burner. 12. The salt solution will turn into salt crystals when it is heated. NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O NaOH + HNO3 = NaNO3 NaOH + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2H2O Observations: Alkali| Acid| Moles| Observation| NaOH| HCL| 1 Mole| Took 4 ml to neutralize. No further experiment was made. | NaOH| HCL| 0. 1 Mole| Took 31 ml to neutralize. 2. 30 minutes until pink salt crystals were formed. | NaOH| HNO3| 1 Mole| Took 19. 2 ml to neutralize. 2 minutes until good white salt crystals were formed. | NaOH| H2SO4| 2 Moles| Took 1. 1 ml to neutralize. 2. 15 minutes until rings of white salt were formed. | Analysis: The weakest acid (HCl 0. 1 Mole) needed the most alkali to be made into salt and the strongest (H2SO4 2 Moles) needed the least. Different experiments made different salts. Conclusion: The strongest acid will work faster and you will need less. This is because it is a lot more reactive than the weaker acids and it will want to react much faster with the alkali. Evaluation: In my group, Zuzanna and I were the ones doing the experiment while everyone else observed and took notes on what happened. The first time, we dropped one too many drops of H2SO4 in the alkali so the alkali quickly turned pink again. We had to try it six times before we could get it right because we kept putting too much in or we would forget how much we put in. But after a few tries we finally got it to work and we got the correct solution. Therefore we could finally go on to the next step and heat up the solution. It took our salt around 2 minutes and 15 seconds to heat up, evaporate and leave us with small rings of white salt crystals. Our salt crystals did not turn out as the best, but they were successful.

Essay --

REVIEW OF DANIEL GOLDHAGEN’S ‘A MORAL RECKONING: THE ROLE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE HOLOCAUST AND ITS UNFULLFILLED DUTY OF REPAIR’ This essay will review Daniel Goldhagen’s controversial moral inquiry, ‘A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair’, published in 2002. Goldhagen attended Harvard University as a graduate, undergraduate and assistant professor until he was denied tenure in 2003; this possibly indicates his limited status as an academic. Goldhagen notes that he is ‘indebted’ to his father, a Holocaust survivor, for some of his findings on the Holocaust. This personal connection to the Holocaust on the one hand allows Goldhagen to write more passionately. On the other hand, it obscures his ability to view evidence objectively, evident in this book under review. Goldhagen status rose to notoriety due to the controversial nature of his first book, ‘Hitler’s Willing Executioners’ published in 1996. This received much criticism and perhaps more importantly to Goldhagen, plenty of publicity. The contentious assertions of the book, whether academically valid or not, established the relative novice amongst historians. This is evident in the abundance of secondary literature that comments on Goldhagen’s work including that edited by F. Littell and F. Kautz. Goldhagen’s credentials as a controversial author explain the extremist content of his second book, ‘A Moral Reckoning’. Goldhagen’s academic background in political science is evident in the books emphasis on the church as a ‘political institution’ and the pope as a ‘political leader’ (p. 184). . This limits his work as a historian as he fails to fully examine the role of the individual. Goldhagen’s ... ...es are manipulated for his argument. Goldhagen’s controversial and stimulating study encourages research to continue and in 2013 Jewish leaders pressured Pope Francis to open the Vatican archives from 1939-1947. The opening of these archives will instigate more investigations in this field and until these archives are opened the historical record will not be clarified. The importance of these archives illustrates the interesting nature of historical literature. The study of history focuses predominantly around primary materials, however these materials do not provide a definitive depiction of the past. Historians analyze primary sources to deduce an interpretation of the past. The discrepancies between historian’s interpretations form historiographical debate. It would be interesting to examine the extent to which historians are perhaps just academic storytellers.

Little White Lies

Shannon Law LITTLE WHITE LIES Have you ever told a lie to somebody? After telling that lie, did you feel guilty about it? Most of the time, people feel guilty or bad if they express their own opinion about something. Telling the truth is always essential for us in everyday life. We can be trusted by other people and at the same time, be able to express and support our own opinions. Honesty can never hurt anyone more than you lying to them. Why did you think Abraham Lincoln was nicknamed â€Å"Honest Abe? † Because he believed that honesty is the best policy. Telling the truth is the most important thing to do. It is better to tell the truth, admit your mistakes, and move on. People should tell the truth all the time to feel more comfortable. Telling the truth makes life so much simpler without having to worry about anything and without having to lag that guilt around that’s trapped inside your body. People appreciate this quality, and that gives value to us. People who tell the truth become more appreciated by other people. We have to keep a good image of ourselves. In order to do that, we must be honest in all situations. If a person lied to you, and you found out that he lied, would you ever trust that person again? Besides, when you tell the truth, it’s easier to support your own idea or opinions because you don’t have to create a completely made up story. People who lie invent a huge history and when you ask them some details, they’re quickly lost in the explanation and they forget some details to make their lie understandable. A good example of a person who thinks that it is essential to telling the truth is Abraham Lincoln. Do you know why Abraham Lincoln was nicknamed â€Å"Honest Abe? It is said that the roots of this nickname start in his early working life. As a young man, Abraham Lincoln worked as a general store clerk. On evening, he was counting money in the drawers after closing and found that he was a few cents over what should have been in the drawer. When he realized that he had accidentally short-changed a customer earlier that day, Lincoln walked a long distance to return the money to the customer. On another occasion, Lincoln discovered that he had given a woman too little tea for her money. He put what he owed her in a package and personally delivered it to the woman, who never even realized that she was not given the proper amount of tea until Lincoln showed up at her doorstep! Lincoln carried his regard for the truth through his years at the White House. He himself was deeply sincere. During the civil war, President Lincoln stated, â€Å"I hain’t been caught lying yet, and I don’t mean to be. † To Lincoln, the truth was not worth sacrificing for any gain, no matter how large that gain may have been. Honestly is good because, for example if you sneaked out in the middle of the night to meet up with your friends and your parents found out, wouldn’t they expect you to come home and explain everything to them truthfully? Wouldn’t they be even angry at you if you lied to their faces? My cousin had a personal experience with this. It happened in the summer of 2010. My cousin, Crystal, and her friends decided to sneak out. Crystal knew that it was wrong but she ended up going anyway. She and her friends decided to go to a club. Crystal and her friends all told their parents that they were sleeping over another person’s house. My aunt (Crystal’s mom) actually ended up calling Nicole’s (Crystal’s friend) house to check up on Crystal to see if she was there. Unfortunately, she wasn’t. While having the best time dancing at the club, Crystal felt a tap on her shoulder, she turned around and this person asked, â€Å"Can I have this dance? † That person ended up being her dad. Crystal and her friends immediately stopped, looked at each other and thought, †Oh no. † All of their parents knew that something was up and somehow put the pieces of the puzzles together and found out where they were. When she got home, her parents were very disappointed with the fact that she lied. Crystal ended up being ground for two weeks. This was the situation where I learned that honestly is the best policy and that lying will get you into more trouble. In conclusion, lying is lying. The part when lying is very bad is when it is deceitful. When you lie too much, nobody will believe you when you actually tell the truth. Your character will always be in question. You will also be known as the â€Å"liar† and people will never know if what you say can be true. Lying makes you untrustworthy and diminishes your character.

What Qualities Will You Ook for in Your Future Husband or Wife

I am still studying but pretty soon I will be earning a living and thinking of getting married. Most people marry for love but all too often marriages break up because they have chosen unsuitable partners. It is therefore important for me to choose my future husband carefully as I want my marriage to be happy and to last. I realise my own imperfections and know that any romantic notions of marrying Mr World is out. Besides, physical perfection is no guarantee for inner beauty and mental strength which are more essential. Of course, I want my husband to be good-looking but he must be gregarious, with a pleasant personality and an ability to mix with everyone easily. He must be well-educated, at least up to degree. He must also be caring and be able to think independently. Some women like a submissive husband but I would like mine to stand up for his own point of view if he feels I am wrong. This, I think, would make for more exciting interaction and a meaningful relationship. Nevertheless, there must be some common ground. I love reading and have a wry sense of humour that few Malaysians appreciate. I therefore want a husband who has a good sense of humour and enjoys a good book, too. What intellectual discussion we could have, dissecting the short stories of Guy de Maupassant or admiring the glory and grandeur of Tolkien’s Middle Earth. Read also: â€Å"My Ideal Wife†

Addressing Turnover in Management

Addressing Turnover in Management High rate of employee turnover within organizations affects the general performance of any business entity. This is because high turnover lead to issues such as; low employee productivity, errors from lack of experience, recruitment activity costs, rising costs on training of the new workers both in formal classroom and on-the-job training. Owing to these factors, there’s need for organization managers to focus on the welfare of employees for the purposes of achieving companies’ goals and objectives (Buckingham, 2005, pp 70-79)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Addressing Turnover in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reasons for high turnover Within the organizational structure and trends in performances lies some of the contributing factors towards high turnover rates, some of these factors include the following; Low morale within the workplace Lack of opportunities for advancement or growth M atching employee’s skills with inappropriate Job group Inadequate supervision and training (Nadler and Wiggs, 1986) Management policies to address high turnover Training needs should be identified by examining the manner through which employees carry out their day to day tasks. It is also necessary to consider the opinions of the employees concerning the same issues for the purposes of improving the overall performance level. Organizations’ goals and objectives in relation to their present and future position will be examined, including the financial performance. Managers will be able to identify human resource development needs through observing how they apply certain skills like typing and data entry (Buckingham, 2005, pp 70-79). Employees will be exposed to forum presentations in order to determine on their proficiency in language use. Each employee will be monitored through the management’s computerized system for the purposes of identifying their areas of weaknesses, hence subjected to appropriate training (Anderson, 1994, pp 23-28). The possible actions the management can use to address the high turnover include: Offering Supervisory Support Offering opportunities for Career development Introduction of reward scheme Embracing internal promotion (Yoon and Lim, 1999, pp 923-945). Interviewing existing employees and staff focus groups will be carried out on current employees and those who are still working respectively so as to get valuable and reliable information concerning the high number of employees quitting their various positions. Supervisors could also be required to give explanations why employees leave since they are close enough to the workers hence could understand or note any contentious issues affecting performances (Holton et al, 2000). Managers will be required to develop and critically analyze employees’ turnover reports. These will help them get the root cause for the mass turnover. They should first of all lo ok at the Companies working environment and consequently look at the strength and weaknesses of the organization (Holton et al, 2000). Conclusion The organization will use one of the learning institutions for training purposes. Managers will be allocated sufficient time for training depending on the resources available. After the induction, both practical and written test will be given to individuals before being fully accepted. One of the steps to be used in addressing turnover is to gather enough information on the issue, then come up with broad perspective on how to reach the solution.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers as well as employees are required to have a copy of the company’s rules and regulations. References Anderson, G. (1994). A proactive model for training needs analysis.  Journal of European Industrial Training, 18 (3), 23-28. Bucki ngham, M. (2005). What great managers do? Harvard Business Review, 3, 70-79 Holton, E., Bates, R. Naquin, S. (2000). Large-scale Performance driven Training Needs Assessment: A Case Study. Public Personnel Management, 2 (29), 249– 268. Nadler, L. Wiggs, D.G. (1986). Managing Human Resource Development.  Jossey-Bass, San Francisco; CA. Yoon, L. (1999). Organizational support in the work place: The case of Korean hospital Employees. Human Relations Journal, (1), 923-945.

Car Industry Managers Ethical Concerns

Car Industry Managers Ethical Concerns In the 21st century, business managers have lot of challenges for the business progress, while the main challenges that business managers have are, good use of human resources, about the marketing of the products, long range planning for better results, and better use of analysis towards the foundation for decision making, (Drucker, P.F., Classic Drucker collection). In the early days, a vehicle was prepared by few men, under a shed for the purpose of carriage trade, besides this now car manufacturers are employing specialists in different fields (engineering, economist, marketing experts etc) to overcome different challenges (Christ, The motor industry). In the car industry managers are also facing challenges costs of cars, government policies for the industry, working conditions of the staff, about the oil consumption and pollution. In ethical concerns one of the main practical issues with respect to consumers is prices of cars. Aged people and people with low income prefer cars o f low prices. In the words of Arndt Ellinghorst (head of automotive research at credit Suisse), smaller and less expensive cars are preferred by older people because these cars are easy to handle, which results in stronger vehicle downsizing (Daniel Schafe, Financial Times). In consumer concerns another practical issue for the managers is safety and appearance of the cars. Most of the car makers avoid building safety features in the cars which they knew are necessary for the safety of consumers (Ralph Nader, The motor industry). Now people prefer safety and beautiful appearance of cars in different designs (Dannenberg, J. and Burgard, J., Oliver Wyman Journal). One of the most struggling challenges for the car industry managers is staff issues in ethical concerns of consumers. Health and safety is of main priority because employees are the assets of the business and if employees during the work become injured then the business may be suffered and a business can make good profits wit h efficient workers (Cuscio, W.). Another issue is employees benefits, employ benefits include different packages like pension, extra work reward and also include vacations, the other benefit is that the employees must be fairly compensated (Managing services quality journal). Also managers must take into account the working conditions of the employees, employees should be paid according to their work. In addition many companies are not paying their employees according to their work for example, in 2009 Toyota cut pay and working hours of the employees by 10%, there are 4500 employees working in Toyota with basic pay of ÂÂ £19000 per year and now losing ÂÂ £1900 in a year (Emily Garnham, express news). In respect of consumer concern advertising is also a big challenge for managers. People want true and fair advertising of cars so that they chose their desired cars. Wisconsin law shows that the advertising of cars must be truthful (Wisconsin department of transportation). A nother challenge for the managers with respect to consumers concerns is the government policies for the automobiles (restriction on the imports and exports and custom duties on cars). Consumers are also affected by these policies because in some countries government impose high custom duties on cars so people cannot afford such cars for example, In Ukraine, world trade organization has eliminated the restrictions on eight year old cars and reduced the import rates on automobile from 25% to 10% (China law and practice).

Health assessment and health promotion for the older adult Essay

Health assessment and health promotion for the older adult - Essay Example The case study involves an elderly widow, Mrs. G aged 88 years and living with her daughter. The daughter is also a single mother of three children aged 2 to 10 years. The family lives in a 3-bedroomed house in a very busy street. Mrs. G’s daughter is employed, working 12 hours daily for six day a week. The elderly woman has dementia and impaired vision. She also suffers back curvature and occasional gait. She has difficulty in swallowing, decreased appetite, and loss of weight. The widow keeps talking about her late husband who died approximately five years ago. 3. Changes experienced at old age Old adult age falls in Erikson’s psychosocial stage 8, a stage that is mainly characterized by back reflection in life. The developmental stage involves a feeling of despair and bitterness for those who have been unsuccessful and feelings of integrity for those who have successful life accomplishments (Cherry, 2012, p.3). Individuals experience various physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes as they transition into older adult stage. Mental inability is a common condition at this stage of development and its roots are often traced from the changes in the brain that occur at earlier stages (O’Brien, 2012). The individuals lose concentration and their attention can be attracted to very petty events. According to Dr. Cheryl Grady, a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, there is a significant difference between the concentration abilities in old and young people and the difference can be explained by some brain mechanism (O’Brien, 2012). The biological/physiological changes experienced in the body explain the other physical changes like visual and hearing impairment. These conditions are observed in the case study. Much of these physical and psychosocial changes have been observed in the elderly widow. She suffers from dementia. Mrs. G is also visually impaired and suffers back curvature and gait. She is highly distracted by the memories of her late husband. 4. Health promotion and prevention for the old adults Health assessment is necessary in the prevention of occurrence or further complications of health problems, especially for the old adults with chronic illnesses. Caring for these elderly people requires an understanding of the characteristic symptoms of mental disorders like dementia. To identify dementia, the care providers need to observe the cognitive impairment in these individuals including noncompliance and inability to follow certain directions. One of the key symptoms of this disorder is inability to think properly and carry out daily routines like eating, bathing, or dressing. They may also experience personality loss and inability to control their emotions. This condition may be managed to some extent through drugs, which do not treat the mental disorder, but slows it down and